This work intends to study the challenges for active use of Bank Payment Obligation(BPO) in international trade transactions. The active cooperation between the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommu- nication (SWIFT) and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has led to the emergence of Bank Payment Obligation(BPO) as a new payment instrument in international trade. At the time of the emergence, it was expected that it would replace the existing remittance method and the letter of credit by combining the promptness of the remittance method and the advantage of the credit function and the financial function of the bank. However, recently, the use of BPO has become stagnant. This is pointed out as the lack of a BPO handling bank and lack of connection to supply chain management. There is also the risk that the exporter will not be able to deliver the documents directly to the importer without going through the bank and the collateral as a bill of lading in the case of the bank. BPO has advantages of remittance method and letter of credit method, and it is expected that it will be the third payment method connecting the remittance method and the letter of credit method by expanding the BPO handling bank and improving the quality of the BPO service.